| Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| UKPDS (vs SU or INS) | vs SU/Insulin | All-cause mortality 0.73 [0.55; 0.97] Any diabetes-related outcomes 0.78 [0.65; 0.94] | CV events 2.88 [2.42; 3.44] | Stroke 0.56 [0.30; 1.02] Myocardial infarction 0.78 [0.56; 1.09] Microvascular 0.90 [0.58; 1.41] Peripheral vascular disease 1.39 [0.53; 3.68] Diabetes-related death 0.76 [0.51; 1.13] |
| Teupe, 1991 | vs SU/Insulin | | | CV death NaN [NaN; NaN] CV events NaN [NaN; NaN] All-cause mortality NaN [NaN; NaN] Stroke NaN [NaN; NaN] Myocardial infarction ∞ [NaN; ∞] |
| Kooy (HOME), 2009 | vs SU/Insulin | macrovascular events 0.60 [0.40; 0.90] | | CV death 2.97 [0.31; 28.30] CV events 0.93 [0.69; 1.25] All-cause mortality 1.48 [0.54; 4.09] Stroke 0.99 [0.40; 2.44] Myocardial infarction 1.11 [0.67; 1.83] Microvascular 1.04 [0.75; 1.44] microvascular and macrovascular events 0.92 [0.72; 1.18] |
| US-DPP (metformin) (Knowler), 2002 | vs SU/Insulin | | | diabetes 0.69 [0.37; 1.28] |
| EDIT (Holman), 2003 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Li, 1999 | vs SU/Insulin | | | diabetes 0.49 [0.09; 2.54] |
| IDDP (Ramachandran), 2006 | vs SU/Insulin | | | diabetes 0.65 [0.27; 1.56] |
| Jarret, 1979 | vs SU/Insulin | | | diabetes 0.84 [0.25; 2.87] |
| Baillargeon, 2004 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Bridger, 2006 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Charles, 1998 | vs SU/Insulin | | | diabetes 0.00 [0.00; NaN] |
| Charles, 2000 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Choux, 2003 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Crave, 1995 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Fleming, 2002 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Freemark, 2001 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Gambineri, 2004 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Giugliano, 1993 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Hoeger, 2004 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| James, 2005 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Kay, 2001 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Kelly, 2002 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Kocak, 2002 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Lehtovirta, 2001 | vs SU/Insulin | | | diabetes 1.00 [0.07; 14.90] |
| Moghetti, 2000 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Morel, 1999 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Ng, 2001 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Orchard, 2005 | vs SU/Insulin | diabetes 0.71 [0.61; 0.82] | | |
| Pasquali, 2000 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Rodriguez, 2004 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Rodriguez-Moctezuma, 2004 | vs SU/Insulin | | | diabetes 0.00 [0.00; NaN] |
| Sirtori, 1984 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Srinivasan, 2006 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Stakos, 2005 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Sturrock, 2002 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Tang, 2006 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| Vitale, 2005 | vs SU/Insulin | | | |
| CANOE, 2010 | vs SU/Insulin | diabetes 0.25 [0.16; 0.41] | | normoglycemia 1.00 [1.00; 1.00] |
| Campbell, 1994 | vs SU/Insulin | | | CV death NaN [NaN; NaN] CV events NaN [NaN; NaN] All-cause mortality NaN [NaN; NaN] Stroke NaN [NaN; NaN] Myocardial infarction NaN [NaN; NaN] |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| UKPDS (vs SU or INS) | 2.550 (n=342) vs. SU/Insulin (n=951) | Type 2 diabetic patients | open Parallel groups Sample size: 342/951 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 556 |
| Teupe, 1991 | 1.700 (n=50) vs. Placebo (n=50) | Type 2 diabetic patients | open Parallel groups Sample size: 50/50 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 104 |
| Kooy (HOME), 2009 | 2.000 (n=196) vs. Placebo (n=194) | Patients with type 2 diabetes | double blind Parallel groups Sample size: 196/194 Primary endpoint: microvascular and macrovascular morbidity and mortality FU duration: 220 |
| US-DPP (metformin) (Knowler), 2002 | metformin 850mg twice daily (n=3234) vs. placebo (n=0) | nondiabetic patients with elevated glucose and high risk for diabetes | double blind Parallel groups Sample size: 3234/0 Primary endpoint: not defined FU duration: 2.8 years |
| EDIT (Holman), 2003 | metformin 500 mg three times/day, (n=631) vs. placebo (n=0) | (WHO 1985 criteria) | Sample size: 631/0 Primary endpoint: FU duration: |
| Li, 1999 | metformin 250 mg three times/day (n=33) vs. placebo (n=37) | patients with impaired glucose tolerance (WHO 1985 criteria) | double blind Parallel groups Sample size: 33/37 Primary endpoint: not defined FU duration: 12 months |
| IDDP (Ramachandran), 2006 | advice on lifestyle modification, metformin, or both (n=531) vs. given standard health care advice (control) (n=0) 4 arms: advice on lifestyle modification, metformin, or both and standard health care advice (control) | native Asian Indians with impaired glucose tolerance | open Parallel groups Sample size: 531/0 Primary endpoint: development of diabetes FU duration: 2.5 y |
| Jarret, 1979 | carbohydrate restriction with phenformin 50 mg daily (n=204) vs. carbohydrate restriction alone (n=0) | men with impaired glucose toleranc | open Parallel groups Sample size: 204/0 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 4.3 y |
| Baillargeon, 2004 | metformin 850 mg BID (n=32) vs. placebo (n=32) | Non obese women with PCOS | Sample size: 32/32 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 26 weeks |
| Bridger, 2006 | metformin 750 mg BID (n=11) vs. placebo (n=11) | Adolescents with PCOS and insulin resistance | Sample size: 11/11 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 12 weeks |
| Charles, 1998 | metformin 850 mg BID (n=227) vs. placebo (n=230) | Abdominal obesity | Sample size: 227/230 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 52 weeks |
| Charles, 2000 | metformin 850 mg BID (n=83) vs. placebo (n=85) | Abdominal obesity, hypertension, and elevated triglycerides | Sample size: 83/85 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 13 weeks |
| Choux, 2003 | metformin 500 mg TID (n=15) vs. placebo (n=17) | PCO | Sample size: 15/17 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 13 weeks |
| Crave, 1995 | metformin 850 mg BID (n=12) vs. placebo (n=12) | Overweight with PCO | Sample size: 12/12 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 17 weeks |
| Fleming, 2002 | metformin 850 mg BID (n=45) vs. placebo (n=47) | PCO | Sample size: 45/47 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 17 weeks |
| Freemark, 2001 | metformin 500 mg BID (n=16) vs. placebo (n=16) | Insulin resistance and family history of diabetes | Sample size: 16/16 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 26 weeks |
| Gambineri, 2004 | metformin 850 mg BID (n=10) vs. placebo (n=10) | Obesity and PCOS | Sample size: 10/10 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 26 weeks |
| Giugliano, 1993 | metformin 850 mg BID (n=12) vs. placebo (n=12) | Hypertension with normal glucose tolerance | Sample size: 12/12 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 12 weeks |
| Hoeger, 2004 | metformin 850 mg BID + lifestyle modification (n=18) vs. placebo + lifestyle modification (n=20) | Overweight with PCOSo[ | Sample size: 18/20 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 48 weeks |
| James, 2005 | metformin 1 g BID (n=10) vs. no treatment (n=10) | Abdominal obesity with insulin resistance[ | Sample size: 10/10 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 8 weeks |
| Kay, 2001 | metformin 850 mg BID (n=12) vs. placebo (n=12) | Adolescents with morbid obesity | Sample size: 12/12 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 8 weeks |
| Kelly, 2002 | metformin 500 mg TID (n=16) vs. placebo (n=16) | PCO | Sample size: 16/16 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 26 weeks |
| Kocak, 2002 | metformin 850 mg BID (n=28) vs. placebo (n=28) | PCO | Sample size: 28/28 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 8 weeks |
| Lehtovirta, 2001 | metformin 500 mg BID (n=20) vs. placebo (n=20) | Overweight with impaired glucose tolerance and family history of diabetes | Sample size: 20/20 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 26 weeks |
| Moghetti, 2000 | metformin 500 mg TID (n=12) vs. placebo (n=11) | PCOS with normal glucose tolerance | Sample size: 12/11 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 26 weeks |
| Morel, 1999 | metformin 850 mg BID (n=19) vs. placebo (n=19) | Impaired glucose tolerancee | Sample size: 19/19 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 8 weeks |
| Ng, 2001 | metformin 500 mg TID (n=10) vs. placebo (n=10) | PCO | Sample size: 10/10 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 12 weeks |
| Orchard, 2005 | metformin 850 mg BID (n=1073) vs. placebo (n=1082) | Impaired glucose tolerance | Sample size: 1073/1082 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 156 weeks |
| Pasquali, 2000 | metformin 850 mg BID (n=20) vs. placebo (n=20) | Abdominal obesity with and without PCO | Sample size: 20/20 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 26 weeks |
| Rodriguez, 2004 | metformin 1.7 g/d (n=10) vs. placebo (n=11) | Obesity with insulin resistance | Sample size: 10/11 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 20 weeks |
| Rodriguez-Moctezuma, 2004 | metformin 850 mg BID (n=12) vs. placebo (n=11) | Family history of diabetes | Sample size: 12/11 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 8 weeks |
| Sirtori, 1984 | metformin 850 mg BID (n=15) vs. placebo (n=15) | Peripheral vascular disease | Sample size: 15/15 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 26 weeks |
| Srinivasan, 2006 | metformin 1 g BID (n=28) vs. placebo (n=28) | Children and adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance | Sample size: 28/28 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 26 weeks |
| Stakos, 2005 | metformin 500 mg/d (n=59) vs. placebo (n=97) | African-Americans with insulin resistance and family history of diabetes | Sample size: 59/97 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 104 weeks |
| Sturrock, 2002 | metformin 1500 mg/d (n=17) vs. placebo (n=17) | PCO | Sample size: 17/17 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 13 weeks |
| Tang, 2006 | metformin 850 mg BID (n=69) vs. placebo (n=74) | Obesity with PCO | Sample size: 69/74 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 26 weeks |
| Vitale, 2005 | metformin 500 mg BID (n=32) vs. placebo (n=33) | Metabolic syndrome | Sample size: 32/33 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 13 weeks |
| CANOE, 2010 | rosiglitazone (2 mg) and metformin (500 mg) twice-daily (n=103) vs. placebo (n=104) | patients with impaired glucose tolerance | double-blind Parallel groups Sample size: 103/104 Primary endpoint: incident diabetes FU duration: 3.9y (median) |
| Campbell, 1994 | 1.000 (n=24) vs. Glipizide (n=24) | | Sample size: 24/24 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 52 |
