| pathology | Demonstrated benefit and harm | k | | | |
|---|
| atrial fibrillation | versus placebo No demonstrated result for efficacy | 1 trial | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| CHARM (AF ancillary study), 2005 | candesartan vs placebo | AF 0.82 [0.68; 1.00] | | |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| CHARM (AF ancillary study), 2005 | candesartan (n=3225) vs. placebo (n=3221) | Heart failure | Sample size: 3225/3221 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 3.17 y |
|
| atrial fibrillation | versus placebo or control No demonstrated result for efficacy | 1 trial | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| CAPRAF (Tveit), 2007 | candesartan vs placebo | | | |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| CAPRAF (Tveit), 2007 | candesartan 8 mg once daily for 3-6 weeks before and candesartan 16 mg once daily for 6 months after electrical cardioversion (n=86) vs. placebo (n=85) | patients undergoing electrical cardioversion for persistent AF | double blind Parallel groups Sample size: 86/85 Primary endpoint: Recurrence of atrial fibrillation FU duration: 6 months |
|
| coronary artery disease | versus surgery No demonstrated result for efficacy | 1 trial | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| SYNTAX (unprotected left main sub group), 2009 | DES vs CABG | target-vessel revascularization 0.55 [0.32; 0.95] | | all cause mortality 1.00 [0.45; 2.22] MACE 0.76 [0.17; 3.48] MI 1.00 [0.45; 2.22] |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| SYNTAX (unprotected left main sub group), 2009 | PCI (n=312) vs. CABG (n=302) | patients with left main coronary artery disease | open Parallel groups Sample size: 312/302 Primary endpoint: all cause death, MI, stroke, revascularization FU duration: 12 months |
|
| diabetes type 2 | versus placebo or control No demonstrated result for efficacy | 1 trial | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| SCOPE (diabetic subgroup), 2003 | candesartan vs control | | | Stroke 0.91 [0.48; 1.76] Cardiovascular events 0.82 [0.57; 1.19] |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| SCOPE (diabetic subgroup), 2003 | candesartan (n=313) vs. control (n=284) | sub group of diabetic patients aged 70-89 years, with systolic blood pressure 160-179 mmHg, and/or diastolic blood pressure 90-99 mmHg, and a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test score >or= 24 | double-blind Parallel groups Sample size: 313/284 Primary endpoint: not defined FU duration: 3.7 years |
|
| heart failure | versus placebo or control No demonstrated result for efficacy candesartan inferior to placebo in terms of Hypotension in CHARM-Alternative, 2003 candesartan inferior to placebo in terms of Hyperkalaemia in CHARM-Alternative, 2003 candesartan inferior to placebo in terms of Increase in creatinine in CHARM-Alternative, 2003 | 6 trials | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| ARCH-J, 2003 | candesartan vs placebo | | | | | CHARM-Alternative, 2003 | candesartan vs placebo | Cardiovascular death or hospital admission for CHF 0.82 [0.73; 0.93] | Hypotension 4.12 [2.00; 8.49] Hyperkalaemia 6.35 [1.88; 21.38] Increase in creatinine 2.30 [1.48; 3.58] | lung cancer 3.34 [0.92; 12.10] prostate cancer 2.67 [0.71; 10.01] breast cancer 1.26 [0.34; 4.64] Cardiovascular death 0.87 [0.74; 1.02] Angioedema ∞ [NaN; ∞] | | Mitrovic et al., 2003 | candesartan vs placebo | Hypotension 0.25 [0.07; 0.97] | | Cardiovascular death 0.63 [0.13; 3.15] | | SPICE, 2000 | candesartan vs placebo | | | all cause death 1.02 [0.26; 3.97] all cause death or hospital admission 0.82 [0.43; 1.56] hospital admission for heart failure 0.69 [0.33; 1.45] Cough 1.05 [0.88; 1.26] hospital admission for any reason 0.69 [0.39; 1.22] | | STRETCH, 1999 | candesartan vs placebo | | | | | CHARM preserved, 2003 | candesartan vs placebo | | | |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| ARCH-J, 2003 | Candesartan, 8 mg daily (n=148) vs. Placebo (n=144) | patients with chronic heart failure who were not receiving ACE inhibitor therapy | double blind Parallel groups Sample size: 148/144 Primary endpoint: progression of CHF or addition or dose escalation of CHF medications FU duration: 155 d | | CHARM-Alternative, 2003 | candesartan (target dose32 mg once daily) (n=1013) vs. Placebo (n=1015) | patients with symptomatic heart failure and left-ventricular ejection fraction 40% or less who were notreceiving ACE inhibitors because of previous intolerance | double blind Parallel groups Sample size: 1013/1015 Primary endpoint: Cardiovascular death or hospital admission for CHF FU duration: Median, 33.7 mo | | Mitrovic et al., 2003 | Candesartan, 2 mg, 4mg, 8mg, 16mg daily (n=174) vs. Placebo (n=44) | patients with CHF (New York Heart Association
class II or III) with impaired left ventricular function (ejection fraction <=40%) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
>=13 mm Hg | double blind Parallel groups Sample size: 174/44 Primary endpoint: hemdodynamic FU duration: 12 wk | | SPICE, 2000 | Candesartan, 16 mg daily (n=179) vs. Placebo (n=91) | patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction less than 35%, and history of discontinuing an ACE inhibitor because of intolerance | double blind Parallel groups Sample size: 179/91 Primary endpoint: tolerability FU duration: 12 wk | | STRETCH, 1999 | Candesartan, 4 mg, 8mg, 16mg daily (n=633) vs. Placebo (n=211) | Male and female patients 21 to 80 years of age with mild to moderate symptomatic CHF
(NYHA class II or III) | Double blind Parallel groups Sample size: 633/211 Primary endpoint: total exercise time FU duration: 12 wk | | CHARM preserved, 2003 | candesartan target dose 32 mg once daily (n=1514) vs. placebo (n=1509) | patients with NYHA II-IV heart failure and LVEF higher than 40% | double blind Parallel groups Sample size: 1514/1509 Primary endpoint: cardiovascular death or admission to FU duration: 36.6 months |
|
| heart failure | versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors No demonstrated result for efficacy candesartan+ACE inhibitor inferior to ACE inhibitor only in terms of Hyperkalaemia in CHARM-Added, 2003 candesartan+ACE inhibitor inferior to ACE inhibitor only in terms of Increase in creatinine in CHARM-Added, 2003 | 3 trials | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| CHARM-Added, 2003 | candesartan+ACE inhibitor vs ACE inhibitor only | | Hyperkalaemia 4.87 [2.39; 9.94] Increase in creatinine 1.92 [1.38; 2.66] | lung cancer 1.71 [0.67; 4.33] prostate cancer 0.77 [0.29; 2.07] Hypotension 1.45 [0.97; 2.15] Angioedema 0.66 [0.11; 3.97] | | RESOLVD (candesartan alone), 1999 | candesartan vs enalapril | | | Hypotension 1.00 [0.11; 9.51] | | RESOLVD association, 1999 | candesartan+ACE inhibitor vs ACE inhibitor only | | | Increase in creatinine ∞ [NaN; ∞] |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| CHARM-Added, 2003 | Candesartantarget dose 32 mg once daily (n=1276) vs. Placebo (n=1272) | patients with New York Heart Association functional class II–IV CHF and left-ventricular ejection fraction40% or lower, and who were being treated with ACE inhibitors. | double blind Parallel groups Sample size: 1276/1272 Primary endpoint: cardiovascular death or FU duration: Median, 41 mo | | RESOLVD (candesartan alone), 1999 | Candesartan, 4 mg, 8mg, 16mg daily (n=327) vs. Enalapril, 10 mg twice daily (n=109) | Patients with New York Heart Association functional class NYHA
II, III, or IV CHF, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) >500 m, and ejection fraction (EF) <0.40 | Double blind Parallel groups Sample size: 327/109 Primary endpoint: hemodynamic FU duration: 43 wk | | RESOLVD association, 1999 | Candesartan, 4 mg, 8mg daily, plus enalapril, 10 mg twice daily (n=332) vs. Enalapril, 10 mg twice daily (n=109) | Patients with New York Heart Association functional class NYHA
II, III, or IV CHF, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) >500 m, and ejection fraction (EF) <0.40 | Parallel groups Sample size: 332/109 Primary endpoint: hemodynamic FU duration: 43 wk |
|
| heart failure with preserved LVEF | versus placebo or control No demonstrated result for efficacy | 1 trial | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| CHARM preserved, 2003 | candesartan vs placebo | | | |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| CHARM preserved, 2003 | candesartan target dose 32 mg once daily (n=1514) vs. placebo (n=1509) | patients with NYHA II-IV heart failure and LVEF higher than 40% | double blind Parallel groups Sample size: 1514/1509 Primary endpoint: cardiovascular death or admission to FU duration: 36.6 months |
|
| hypertension | versus No demonstrated result for efficacy | 1 trial | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| TROPHY, 2006 | candesartan vs placebo | hypertension 0.84 [0.75; 0.95] | | cancer 1.32 [0.30; 5.84] death cancer ∞ [NaN; ∞] lung cancer 1.00 [0.14; 7.08] Serious adverse events 0.60 [0.31; 1.15] cardiovascular events 0.16 [0.02; 1.36] |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| TROPHY, 2006 | candesartan during 2y followed by 2y
of placebo (n=409) vs. placebo (n=400) | subjects with repeated measurements of systolic pressure of 130 to 139 mm Hg
and diastolic pressure of 89 mm Hg or lower, or systolic pressure of 139 mm Hg or
lower and diastolic pressure of 85 to 89 mm Hg | double-blind Parallel groups Sample size: 409/400 Primary endpoint: new-onset hypertension FU duration: 4y |
|
| hypertension | versus placebo or control No demonstrated result for efficacy | 9 trials | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| HSCS, 1974 | deserpidine +methylclothiazide vs placebo | | | cardiovascular death 0.74 [0.39; 1.42] All-cause death 1.02 [0.60; 1.72] Coronary event 0.94 [0.31; 2.87] Cardiovascular death 0.74 [0.39; 1.42] Heart failure 0.00 [0.00; NaN] Stroke 0.83 [0.55; 1.24] cardiovascular event 0.73 [0.51; 1.03] | | SCOPE, 2003 | candesartan vs placebo | | | cardiovascular death 0.95 [0.76; 1.18] all cause death 0.97 [0.82; 1.14] coronary event 1.10 [0.79; 1.54] Cardiovascular death 0.95 [0.76; 1.18] cancer 1.08 [0.89; 1.31] stroke (fatal and non fatal) 0.77 [0.59; 1.01] Myocardial infarction ( fatal and non fatal) 1.10 [0.79; 1.54] cardiac death 0.99 [0.52; 1.90] cardiovascular event 0.90 [0.76; 1.06] New onset diabetes 0.80 [0.63; 1.03] | | HIJ-CREATE, 2009 | Candesartan vs usual care | | | | | Takahashi et al, 2006 | candesartan vs usual care | cardiovascular event 0.35 [0.17; 0.76] | | all cause mortality 0.00 [0.00; NaN] | | Suzuki et al, 2008 | candesartan vs usual care | cardiovascular event 0.58 [0.40; 0.83] | | all cause mortality 0.66 [0.41; 1.04] Cardiovascular mortality 0.60 [0.30; 1.19] | | E-COST, 2005 | candesartan vs conventional treatment | stroke (fatal and non fatal) 0.58 [0.41; 0.82] Myocardial infarction ( fatal and non fatal) 0.41 [0.20; 0.86] | | all cause death 0.94 [0.24; 3.77] Cardiovascular death ∞ [NaN; ∞] Heart failure 0.81 [0.52; 1.26] | | E-COST-R, 2005 | candesartan vs conventional treatment | | | all cause death 1.04 [0.27; 4.01] Cardiovascular death 1.04 [0.27; 4.01] Heart failure 0.68 [0.34; 1.34] stroke (fatal and non fatal) 0.89 [0.51; 1.55] Myocardial infarction ( fatal and non fatal) 2.09 [0.39; 11.03] | | HIJ-CREATE, 2009 | candesartan vs conventional treatment | New onset diabetes 0.39 [0.16; 0.93] | | all cause death 1.17 [0.84; 1.64] Cardiovascular death 1.12 [0.66; 1.91] Heart failure 0.91 [0.60; 1.38] stroke (fatal and non fatal) 0.92 [0.62; 1.36] Myocardial infarction ( fatal and non fatal) 1.12 [0.66; 1.88] | | Takahashi, 2006 | candesartan vs control | | | all cause death 0.00 [0.00; NaN] Heart failure 0.39 [0.15; 1.02] |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| HSCS, 1974 | deserpidine 1mg/d + methylclothiazide 10mg/d (n=233) vs. placebo (n=219) | stroke | Double blind Parallel groups Sample size: 233/219 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 2.3y | | SCOPE, 2003 | candesartan, 8–16 mg once daily (target 160/90) (n=2477) vs. placebo (n=2460) | patients aged 70–89 years, with systolic blood pressure 160– 179 mmHg, and/or diastolic blood pressure 90–99 mmHg, and a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test score > 24 | double-blind Parallel groups Sample size: 2477/2460 Primary endpoint: major cardiovascular events FU duration: 3.7 y (mean) | | HIJ-CREATE, 2009 | cardesartan adjusted dose for target arterial pressure of <130/85 mmHg (n=1025) vs. usual care (non-ARB-based pharmacotherapy including angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitors) (n=1024) | hypertension with angiographically documented coronary artery disease (acute or stable) | open Parallel groups Sample size: 1025/1024 Primary endpoint: MACE FU duration: up to 60 months | | Takahashi et al, 2006 | Candesartan 4-8mg/day (n=43) vs. Conventional treatment (n=37) | chronic haemodialysis patients | open Sample size: 43/37 Primary endpoint: FU duration: | | Suzuki et al, 2008 | Candesartan 12 mg/day, losartan 100 mg/day, or valsartan 160 mg/day (n=180) vs. Conventional treatment (n=180) | patients undergoing hemodialysis | open Sample size: 180/180 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 1-5 years | | E-COST, 2005 | candesartan, 2 to 12 mg daily (n=1053) vs. conventional antihypertensive drugs other than angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or ARBs (n=995) | Japanese essential hypertensive subjects (sitting blood pressure 140-180/90-110 mmHg) aged 35-79 years | single-blind Parallel groups Sample size: 1053/995 Primary endpoint: CV hospitalization FU duration: | | E-COST-R, 2005 | candesartan (n=69) vs. conventional treatment (n=72) | hypertensive subjects 60 to 75 years old with non-diabetic chronic renal insufficiency | open Parallel groups Sample size: 69/72 Primary endpoint: cardiovascular event FU duration: | | HIJ-CREATE, 2009 | angiotensin II receptor blocker-based therapy (n=1024) vs. non-angiotensin II receptor blocker-based therapy (n=1025) | patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and hypertension | open Parallel groups Sample size: 1024/1025 Primary endpoint: CV events FU duration: 4.2 y (median) | | Takahashi, 2006 | candesartan (n=43) vs. control (n=37) | patients on chronic haemodialysis in stable condition and with no clinical evidence of cardiac disorders | open Parallel groups Sample size: 43/37 Primary endpoint: cardiovascular events FU duration: 19.4 months |
|
| hypertension | versus calcium-channel blockers No demonstrated result for efficacy | 1 trial | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| CASE-J, 2008 | candesartan vs amlodipine | New onset diabetes 0.64 [0.42; 0.96] | | all cause death 0.85 [0.62; 1.15] Heart failure 1.25 [0.65; 2.40] stroke (fatal and non fatal) 1.27 [0.87; 1.86] Myocardial infarction ( fatal and non fatal) 0.94 [0.49; 1.82] |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| CASE-J, 2008 | candesartan-based regimen (n=2354) vs. amlodipine-based regimen (n=2349) | high-risk Japanese hypertensive patients | open (blinded assessment) Parallel groups Sample size: 2354/2349 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 3.2 years |
|
| hypertension | versus diuretics No demonstrated result for efficacy | 1 trial | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| ALPINE, 2003 | candesartan vs hydrochlorothiazide | New onset diabetes 0.12 [0.02; 0.99] | | cardiovascular death NaN [NaN; NaN] all cause death NaN [NaN; NaN] coronary event 0.99 [0.06; 15.80] Cardiovascular death NaN [NaN; NaN] stroke (fatal and non fatal) NaN [NaN; NaN] Myocardial infarction ( fatal and non fatal) 0.99 [0.06; 15.80] cardiovascular event 0.99 [0.06; 15.80] |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| ALPINE, 2003 | candesartan (n=197) vs. hydrochlorothiazide (n=196) | newly detected hypertensives | double-blind Parallel groups Sample size: 197/196 Primary endpoint: diabetes FU duration: 1 year |
|
| miscellaneous | versus No demonstrated result for efficacy | 1 trial | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| TROPHY, 2006 | candesartan vs placebo | hypertension 0.84 [0.75; 0.95] | | cancer 1.32 [0.30; 5.84] death cancer ∞ [NaN; ∞] lung cancer 1.00 [0.14; 7.08] Serious adverse events 0.60 [0.31; 1.15] cardiovascular events 0.16 [0.02; 1.36] |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| TROPHY, 2006 | candesartan during 2y followed by 2y
of placebo (n=409) vs. placebo (n=400) | subjects with repeated measurements of systolic pressure of 130 to 139 mm Hg
and diastolic pressure of 89 mm Hg or lower, or systolic pressure of 139 mm Hg or
lower and diastolic pressure of 85 to 89 mm Hg | double-blind Parallel groups Sample size: 409/400 Primary endpoint: new-onset hypertension FU duration: 4y |
|
| miscellaneous | versus placebo or control No demonstrated result for efficacy | 5 trials | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| SCOPE, 2003 | candesartan vs placebo | | | cardiovascular death 0.95 [0.76; 1.18] all cause death 0.97 [0.82; 1.14] coronary event 1.10 [0.79; 1.54] Cardiovascular death 0.95 [0.76; 1.18] cancer 1.08 [0.89; 1.31] stroke (fatal and non fatal) 0.77 [0.59; 1.01] Myocardial infarction ( fatal and non fatal) 1.10 [0.79; 1.54] cardiac death 0.99 [0.52; 1.90] cardiovascular event 0.90 [0.76; 1.06] New onset diabetes 0.80 [0.63; 1.03] | | E-COST, 2005 | candesartan vs conventional treatment | stroke (fatal and non fatal) 0.58 [0.41; 0.82] Myocardial infarction ( fatal and non fatal) 0.41 [0.20; 0.86] | | all cause death 0.94 [0.24; 3.77] Cardiovascular death ∞ [NaN; ∞] Heart failure 0.81 [0.52; 1.26] | | E-COST-R, 2005 | candesartan vs conventional treatment | | | all cause death 1.04 [0.27; 4.01] Cardiovascular death 1.04 [0.27; 4.01] Heart failure 0.68 [0.34; 1.34] stroke (fatal and non fatal) 0.89 [0.51; 1.55] Myocardial infarction ( fatal and non fatal) 2.09 [0.39; 11.03] | | HIJ-CREATE, 2009 | candesartan vs conventional treatment | New onset diabetes 0.39 [0.16; 0.93] | | all cause death 1.17 [0.84; 1.64] Cardiovascular death 1.12 [0.66; 1.91] Heart failure 0.91 [0.60; 1.38] stroke (fatal and non fatal) 0.92 [0.62; 1.36] Myocardial infarction ( fatal and non fatal) 1.12 [0.66; 1.88] | | Takahashi, 2006 | candesartan vs control | | | all cause death 0.00 [0.00; NaN] Heart failure 0.39 [0.15; 1.02] |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| SCOPE, 2003 | candesartan, 8–16 mg once daily (target 160/90) (n=2477) vs. placebo (n=2460) | patients aged 70–89 years, with systolic blood pressure 160– 179 mmHg, and/or diastolic blood pressure 90–99 mmHg, and a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test score > 24 | double-blind Parallel groups Sample size: 2477/2460 Primary endpoint: major cardiovascular events FU duration: 3.7 y (mean) | | E-COST, 2005 | candesartan, 2 to 12 mg daily (n=1053) vs. conventional antihypertensive drugs other than angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or ARBs (n=995) | Japanese essential hypertensive subjects (sitting blood pressure 140-180/90-110 mmHg) aged 35-79 years | single-blind Parallel groups Sample size: 1053/995 Primary endpoint: CV hospitalization FU duration: | | E-COST-R, 2005 | candesartan (n=69) vs. conventional treatment (n=72) | hypertensive subjects 60 to 75 years old with non-diabetic chronic renal insufficiency | open Parallel groups Sample size: 69/72 Primary endpoint: cardiovascular event FU duration: | | HIJ-CREATE, 2009 | angiotensin II receptor blocker-based therapy (n=1024) vs. non-angiotensin II receptor blocker-based therapy (n=1025) | patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and hypertension | open Parallel groups Sample size: 1024/1025 Primary endpoint: CV events FU duration: 4.2 y (median) | | Takahashi, 2006 | candesartan (n=43) vs. control (n=37) | patients on chronic haemodialysis in stable condition and with no clinical evidence of cardiac disorders | open Parallel groups Sample size: 43/37 Primary endpoint: cardiovascular events FU duration: 19.4 months |
|
| miscellaneous | versus calcium-channel blockers No demonstrated result for efficacy | 1 trial | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| CASE-J, 2008 | candesartan vs amlodipine | New onset diabetes 0.64 [0.42; 0.96] | | all cause death 0.85 [0.62; 1.15] Heart failure 1.25 [0.65; 2.40] stroke (fatal and non fatal) 1.27 [0.87; 1.86] Myocardial infarction ( fatal and non fatal) 0.94 [0.49; 1.82] |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| CASE-J, 2008 | candesartan-based regimen (n=2354) vs. amlodipine-based regimen (n=2349) | high-risk Japanese hypertensive patients | open (blinded assessment) Parallel groups Sample size: 2354/2349 Primary endpoint: FU duration: 3.2 years |
|
| miscellaneous | versus diuretics No demonstrated result for efficacy | 1 trial | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| ALPINE, 2003 | candesartan vs hydrochlorothiazide | New onset diabetes 0.12 [0.02; 0.99] | | cardiovascular death NaN [NaN; NaN] all cause death NaN [NaN; NaN] coronary event 0.99 [0.06; 15.80] Cardiovascular death NaN [NaN; NaN] stroke (fatal and non fatal) NaN [NaN; NaN] Myocardial infarction ( fatal and non fatal) 0.99 [0.06; 15.80] cardiovascular event 0.99 [0.06; 15.80] |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| ALPINE, 2003 | candesartan (n=197) vs. hydrochlorothiazide (n=196) | newly detected hypertensives | double-blind Parallel groups Sample size: 197/196 Primary endpoint: diabetes FU duration: 1 year |
|
| patients at high risk for cardiovascular events | versus placebo or control No demonstrated result for efficacy | 1 trial | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| SCOPE, 2003 | candesartan vs placebo | | | cardiovascular death 0.95 [0.76; 1.18] all cause death 0.97 [0.82; 1.14] coronary event 1.10 [0.79; 1.54] Cardiovascular death 0.95 [0.76; 1.18] cancer 1.08 [0.89; 1.31] stroke (fatal and non fatal) 0.77 [0.59; 1.01] Myocardial infarction ( fatal and non fatal) 1.10 [0.79; 1.54] cardiac death 0.99 [0.52; 1.90] cardiovascular event 0.90 [0.76; 1.06] New onset diabetes 0.80 [0.63; 1.03] |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| SCOPE, 2003 | candesartan, 8–16 mg once daily (target 160/90) (n=2477) vs. placebo (n=2460) | patients aged 70–89 years, with systolic blood pressure 160– 179 mmHg, and/or diastolic blood pressure 90–99 mmHg, and a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test score > 24 | double-blind Parallel groups Sample size: 2477/2460 Primary endpoint: major cardiovascular events FU duration: 3.7 y (mean) |
|
| pulmonary embolism | versus No demonstrated result for efficacy | 1 trial | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| Tebbe, 2009 | desmoteplase vs alteplase | | | |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| Tebbe, 2009 | 125, 180, and 250 microg/kg bodyweight desmoteplase (n=34) vs. 100 mg alteplase (n=0) | acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism | NA Parallel groups Sample size: 34/0 Primary endpoint: FU duration: |
|
| superficial thrombophlebitis | versus antithrombotics No demonstrated result for efficacy | 2 trials | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| Andreozzi (200 vs 100), 1996 | desmin 200 vs desmin 100 | | | | | Andreozzi (desmin SC vs 100), 1996 | desmin SC vs desmin 100 | | | |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| Andreozzi (200 vs 100), 1996 | Dermatan sulfate (Desmin) (100 mg twice s.c.)y8 (n=-9) vs. Desmin (100
mg once daily s.c.) (n=-9) | Patients with ST or varicophlebitis of the lower limbs | Sample size: -9/-9 Primary endpoint: FU duration: | | Andreozzi (desmin SC vs 100), 1996 | (n=-9) vs. (n=-9) | | Sample size: -9/-9 Primary endpoint: FU duration: |
|
| thrombosis prevention | versus No demonstrated result for efficacy | 3 trials | meta-analysis | | | Trial | control | p<0.05 | harm | NS |
|---|
| T1 vs T0 | | | | | T1 vs T0 | | | | | T1 vs T0 | | | |
| Trial | Treatments | Patients | Method |
|---|
| Ericksson, 1997 | desirudin 15mg SC twice daily for 8-12 days (n=-9) vs. enoxaparin 40mg once daily for 8-12 days (n=-9) | Patients who undergo total hip replacement | double blind Parallel groups Sample size: -9/-9 Primary endpoint: FU duration: | | REVASC, 1997 | desirudin 15mg twice daily (n=225) vs. unfractionated heparin 5000 IU three times a day (n=220) | patients having a primary elective total hip replacement | Parallel groups Sample size: 225/220 Primary endpoint: FU duration: | | Eriksson, 1996 | recombinant hirudin, desirudin (CGP 39393) 10, 15, or 20 mg twice daily started just before surgery and continued for 8-11 days (n=1119) vs. unfractionated heparin 5000 IU three times daily started just before surgery and continued for 8-11 days (n=0) | patients undergoing elective hip surgery | double blind Parallel groups Sample size: 1119/0 Primary endpoint: FU duration: |
|
