pulmonary embolism

Description Results NMA

Symptomatic venous thromboembolism at the end of treatment 0.00 [0.00; NaN]

Certoparin, 8000 IU twice daily, 14 days (n=39)

vs.

Unfractioned heparin: bolus 5000 IU, infusion 20 IU/kg per hour (n=41)

sub group of patients with PE in a trial initially enrolling with acute deep vein thrombosis

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 39/41

Primary endpoint: phlebographic Marder score

FU duration: 6 mo

Symptomatic venous thromboembolism at the end of treatment 0.00 [0.00; NaN]

Symptomatic venous thromboembolism at the end of treatment 0.00 [0.00; NaN]

Dalteparin, 120 IU/kg twice daily, 5 days (n=32)

vs.

Unfractioned heparin: bolus 5000 IU, infusion 1250 IU/h (n=35)

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 32/35

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 3 mo

Dalteparin, 120 IU/kg twice daily, 10 days (n=29)

vs.

Unfractioned heparin: no bolus, infusion 500 IU/kg per day (n=31)

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 29/31

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 3 mo

Symptomatic venous thromboembolism at the end of treatment 0.33 [0.04; 2.84]

Symptomatic venous thromboembolism at the end of treatment 0.66 [0.11; 3.90]

Enoxaparin, 1 mg/kg twice daily, 8-12 days (n=41)

vs.

Unfractioned heparin: bolus 5000 IU, infusion 500 IU/kg per day (n=54)

factorial design comparing vena caval filters and enoxaparin

open

Factorial plan

Sample size: 41/54

Primary endpoint: recurrent VTE, death, and major bleeding

FU duration: 2 y

Enoxaparin, 1mg/kg twice daily or 1.5 mg/kg once daily, 5 days (n=199)

vs.

Unfractioned heparin: according nomogram at local institution (n=88)

sub group of a trial initially enrolling patients with symptomatic lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 199/88

Primary endpoint: none defined

FU duration: 3 mo

Symptomatic venous thromboembolism at the end of treatment 0.77 [0.05; 12.00]

Symptomatic venous thromboembolism at the end of treatment 0.34 [0.04; 3.15]

Symptomatic venous thromboembolism at the end of treatment NaN [NaN; NaN]

Nadroparin, 4750–6650 antifactor Xa IU twice daily, 10 days (n=61)

vs.

Unfractioned heparin: no bolus, infusion, 20 IU/kg per hour (n=47)

open (blind assessment)

Parallel groups

Sample size: 61/47

Primary endpoint: Arnesen and Marder phlebographic scores

FU duration: 3 mo

Nadroparin, 4750–6650 antifactor Xa IU twice daily, 10 days (n=45)

vs.

Unfractioned heparin: bolus 100 IU/kg, infusion 35 000 IU/d (n=46)

sub group of a trial initially including patients with acute symptomatic VTE

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 45/46

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 6 mo

Nadroparin, 76 IU/kg twice daily, 14 days (n=35)

vs.

Unfractioned heparin: bolus 50 IU/kg, infusion 600 IU/kg per day (n=33)

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 35/33

Primary endpoint: pulmonary vascular obstruction

FU duration: 14 d

dose-finding study

Symptomatic venous thromboembolism at the end of treatment 0.96 [0.29; 3.25]

Reviparin, 3500–6300 IU twice daily, 5 days (n=138)

vs.

Unfractioned heparin: bolus 5000 IU, infusion 1250 IU/h (n=133)

sub of of a trial initially enrolling patients with symptomatic venous thromboembolism

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 138/133

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 3 mo

Symptomatic venous thromboembolism at the end of treatment 0.00 [0.00; NaN]

Symptomatic venous thromboembolism at the end of treatment 1.53 [0.26; 9.09]

Symptomatic venous thromboembolism at the end of treatment NaN [NaN; NaN]

Tinzaparin, 175 IU/kg once daily, 6 days (n=97)

vs.

Unfractioned heparin: bolus 5000 IU, infusion 29 760–40 320 IU/d (n=103)

sub group of patients with objectively documented PE in a trial enrolling patients with proximal-vein thrombosis

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 97/103

Primary endpoint: none defined

FU duration: 3mo

Tinzaparin, 175 IU/kg once daily, 5 days (n=301)

vs.

Unfractioned heparin: bolus 50 IU/kg, infusion 500 IU/kg per day (n=307)

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 301/307

Primary endpoint: recurrent thromboembolism, major bleeding, and death

FU duration: 3 mo

Tinzaparin, 175 IU/kg once daily, 5 days (n=6)

vs.

Unfractioned heparin: bolus 5000 IU, infusion 1400 IU/h (n=10)

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 6/10

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 3 mo

125, 180, and 250 microg/kg bodyweight desmoteplase (n=34)

vs.

100 mg alteplase (n=0)

NA

Parallel groups

Sample size: 34/0

Primary endpoint:

FU duration:

All cause death ∞ [NaN; ∞]

major bleeding ∞ [NaN; ∞]

minor bleeding 11.36 [1.61; 80.39]

All cause death ∞ [NaN; ∞]

major bleeding NaN [NaN; NaN]

recurrence of pulmonary embolism NaN [NaN; NaN]

All cause death 1.60 [0.16; 16.10]

major bleeding 1.20 [0.23; 6.34]

minor bleeding 2.20 [0.86; 5.61]

recurrence of pulmonary embolism 0.40 [0.04; 4.02]

All cause death 0.00 [0.00; NaN]

major bleeding 3.59 [0.39; 33.33]

recurrence of pulmonary embolism 0.00 [0.00; NaN]

All cause death 1.56 [0.36; 6.83]

major bleeding 0.23 [0.03; 1.97]

recurrence of pulmonary embolism 1.17 [0.30; 4.57]

rt-PA 40–80 mg IV over 90 min plus heparin (n=9)

vs.

placebo+heparin (n=4)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 9/4

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 7 days

rt-PA 0.6 mg/kg IV over 2 min and heparin, initial bolus of 5000 U, then 30,000 U for first 24 hr continuous infusion,only interrupted for the duration of the study drug infusion (n=33)

vs.

placebo + heparin bolus of 5000 U, then 30,000 U for first 24 hr continuous infusion (n=25)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 33/25

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 10 days

rt-PA 100 mg IV over 2 h and heparin (n=-9)

vs.

Heparin 1750 IU/hr i.v. for 7 to 10 days (n=-9)

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: -9/-9

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 7 days

rt-PA 100 mg IV over 2 h then 1000 U/hr heparin,when PTT or TT was < 2 times control. Subsequent heparin dose achieved PTT = 1.5 to 2.5 times the upperlimit of normal. (n=46)

vs.

heparin, initial dose 5000 U bolus followed by 1000 U/hr continuous i.v., 4 hr after the dose of heparin according to PTT. Target PTT = 1.5 to 2.5 times of normal (n=55)

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 46/55

Primary endpoint: Right-ventricular wall motion

FU duration: 14 days

100 mg alteplase given as 10 mg bolus followed by 90 mg i.v. infusion over 2 hours then i.v. heparin 1000 U/hr adjusted to maintain APTT of 2.0 to 2.5times the upper normal limit. Oral anticoagulation was started on day 3 (n=118)

vs.

placebo + i.v. heparin 1000 U/hr adjusted to maintain APTT of 2.0 to 2.5times the upper normal limit. Oral anticoagulation was started on day 3 (n=138)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 118/138

Primary endpoint: in-hospital death or clinical deterioration

FU duration: <30 days

All cause death 0.00 [0.00; NaN]

major bleeding 1.31 [0.09; 19.00]

minor bleeding 0.33 [0.04; 2.59]

All cause death 0.39 [0.04; 3.79]

major bleeding 1.57 [0.35; 7.06]

minor bleeding 0.98 [0.34; 2.81]

intrapulmonary SK 600,000-U bolus, then 100,000 U/h for 72 h and intrapulmonary heparin (n=17)

vs.

5000U heparin plus 100mg hydrocortisone infused over 30 mins through pulmonary artery catheter. Followed by 2500 U for 72 hr (n=13)

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 17/13

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 3 days

streptokinase 250,000-U bolus, then 100,000 U/h for 72 h and heparin (n=14)

vs.

Heparin 15,000 IU initial dose i.v. followed by 30,000 IU/day continuous i.v., adjusted by TT (n=11)

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 14/11

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 10 days

streptokinase 1,500,000 U IV over 1 h and heparin (n=43)

vs.

heparin alone (n=5)

open

Parallel groups

Sample size: 43/5

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 3 days

All cause death 0.82 [0.29; 2.32]

major bleeding 1.90 [0.99; 3.66]

minor bleeding 1.43 [0.68; 2.98]

recurrence of pulmonary embolism 0.76 [0.38; 1.52]

urokinase 2,000-U/lb bolus, then 2,000 U/lb per h IV for 12 h and heparin (n=82)

vs.

placebo + Heparin (a loading dose of 75 U/pound, then 10 U/pound/hr for 12 hr infusion, then heparin for a minimum of 5 days, followed by heparin or warfarin therapy for a total of 14 days) (n=78)

double blind

Parallel groups

Sample size: 82/78

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: <14 days

urokinase 800,000 U/d IV for 72 h, UK 3,300,000 U IV for 12 h and heparin (n=20)

vs.

heparin (n=10)

open

Sample size: 20/10

Primary endpoint:

FU duration: 7 days